Photographic+Terminology


 * Photographic Terminology**

See Basic Composition Guidelines A-aperture priority- exposure mode in which the photographer selects the aperture setting and the camera sets the appropriate shutter speed. S- shutter priority – exposure mode in which the photographer selects the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture M-manual exposure – exposure mode in which the photographer controls both the aperture and shutter speed settings P- Programmed Auto – exposure mode in which the camera sets both the aperture and shutter speed
 * Elements of a good photograph:**
 * 1. Exposure-** • the action of exposing a photographic film or digital sensor to light or other radiation • the quantity of light or other radiation reaching a photographic film or sensor, as determined by shutter speed and lens aperture. [Elements of good exposure include: Focus, Contrast, Lighting, Shutter Speed, ISO, Aperture]
 * 2. Composition** - • the artistic arrangement of the parts of a picture, including rule of thirds, balance, leading lines, framing, simplicity, avoidance of mergers
 * 3. Content**- the things that are held or included in something. [Location, Caption/Story, Subject Development]
 * 4. Creativity-** the use of the imagination or original ideas, esp. in the production of an artistic work. [Angles, Point of View, Perspective, Post Production]
 * Aperture****-** an opening, hole, or gap//.//• a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, esp. the variable opening by which light enters a camera.
 * Aspect Ratio** - The ratio of width to height in photographic prints or screen images
 * Background** - The part of the scene that appears behind the principal subject of the picture.
 * Backlighting**- Light coming from behind the subject, toward the camera lens, so that the subject stands out vividly against the background. Sometimes produces a silhouette effect.
 * Bokeh**- The blur, or the aesthetic quality of the blur, in out-of-focus areas of an image. Bokeh has been defined as the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light.
 * Bracketing**- Taking additional pictures of the subject through a range of exposures-both lighter and darker-when unsure of the correct exposure.
 * Candid Pictures** - Unposed pictures of people, often taken without the subject's knowledge. These usually appear more natural and relaxed than posed pictures.
 * Depth of field-** the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that are in focus in a camera image.
 * File**- a collection of data, programs, etc., stored in a computer's memory or on a storage device under a single identifying name//.//
 * Focal Length** - The distance between the film and the optical center of the lens when the lens is focused on infinity. The focal length of the lens on most adjustable cameras is marked in millimetres on the lens mount//.//
 * Folder-** • an icon on a computer screen that can be used to access a directory containing related files or documents. Folders are the principal organizational tool in the digital environment.
 * Foreground** - The area between the camera and the principal subject.
 * ISO ** - The measure of a digital sensor or photographic film’s sensitivity to light, expressed in numerical values.
 * Lens** - One or more pieces of optical glass or similar material designed to collect and focus rays of light to form a sharp image on the film, paper, or projection screen.
 * Light Meter** - An instrument with a light-sensitive cell that measures the light reflected from or falling on a subject, used as an aid for selecting the exposure setting.
 * Mode/Mode dial –** The camera control that selects exposure mode.
 * Panning** - Moving the camera so that the image of a moving object remains in the same relative position in the viewfinder as you take a picture.
 * Resolution**- the smallest interval measurable by a scientific (esp. optical) instrument; the resolving power. • the degree of detail visible in a photographic or television image.
 * Shutter speed**- the time for which a shutter is open at a given setting, expressed in seconds and fractions of a second
 * Single-Lens-Reflex (SLR) Camera** - A camera in which you view the scene through the same lens that takes the picture.
 * Soft Focus** - Produced by use of a special lens that creates soft outlines.
 * Stop**- an adjustment scale for aperture (f-stop) and shutter speed on a camera. The full stops for aperture are f2.8, f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16, f22. The full stops for shutter speed are 1, ½, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000, 1/2000.
 * Telephoto Lens** - A lens that makes a subject appear larger on film than does a normal lens at the same camera-to-subject distance. A telephoto lens has a longer focal length and narrower field of view than a normal lens.
 * Through-The-Lens Metering** - Meter built into the camera determines exposure for the scene by reading light that passes through the lens during picture-taking.
 * White balance**- the color balance on a camera. • a control or system for adjusting this.